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Black-Litterman

Theory
Definition
Portfolio-construction framework (1990) that combines market-implied equilibrium returns (Bayesian prior) with the investor's own views (likelihood) to produce stable, intuitive portfolio allocations.

Solves the "garbage-in-garbage-out" problem of Markowitz mean-variance optimization (small return-input changes → wildly different portfolios). Used by most institutional asset managers for SAA and TAA decisions.
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